Os fatores biopsicossociais da ansiedade e depressão em alunos do ensino médio: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

It is estimated that approximately 4% to 8% of adolescents are subject to symptoms of anxiety and depression. Based on this, this article aims to investigate, based on a systematic literature review, the biopsychosocial factors of anxiety and depression in high school students. The research was limited to searching references and databases such as: Google Scholar, Electronic Psychology Journals (PEPSIC), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). From this, the research began and the descriptors were established: “depression and anxiety”, “adolescent mental health”, “influence of anxiety and depression on learning” and “biology of depression”. The inclusion criteria were: works in Portuguese, published in recognized databases and with a publication year from 2010 onwards, as this is a sufficient period for data collection. The exclusion criteria were: studies that addressed phases of life other than adolescence and that were not conducted in a school context. Fifty-one studies related to the topic were selected to contextualize and build an information base. After reading the abstracts and selecting the ones that were most aligned with the study's objective, 11 articles were chosen for analysis. In conclusion, through the literature findings, it was found that anxiety and depression disorders are not only present in the current generation and occur in our bodies and can be easily explained by biology through neurotransmitters. In addition, it was found that adolescents become more vulnerable to the development of these disorders, which ends up strongly interfering in the learning process.