A utilização de raios X em diagnóstico por imagem

Abstract

The discovery of the X-rays represented the initial mark in the evolution of the scientific knowledge, it led to the discovery of the radioactivity and the probing of the atom. From this knowledge together with other sciences such as: Chemistry and Biology, new methods of treating and diagnosing diseases have emerged, providing a cure for diseases considered incurable and the verification of anatomical parts located inside the human body, never before explored, in a noninvasive way, leaving aside the painful exploratory surgeries. X-rays have broad applicability in medicine since its discovery, being the most used radiation in the health area. Due to its great importance, the radiographic image has undergone many changes, nevertheless the physical principle is still the same. The X-ray apparatus has been improved from the study of the effects caused by the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological tissues. Despite the enormous development of new imaging techniques, the production of X-rays for imaging has never lost its place in clinical practice. During there search was visited the X-ray sectorin three different clinics in the city of Parnaíba, with the purpose of acquiring practical knowledg in the area of radiology, in these visits were observed the X-ray rooms, where computerized radiographs of the different anatomical parts are made; mammographic examination rooms and dental examination rooms. The objective of this work is to explore and analyze in an introductory way the physical principles involved in the formation of conventional and computerized radiographic images for diagnostic purposes.