Impactos ambientais da garimpagem artesanal de diamante na comunidade Boqueirão em Gilbués - PI

Abstract

Artisanal mining is a method of extracting ore from the ground manually, using rudimentary techniques and simple tools, without the use of machinery. The first Diamond was discovered in Brazil in 1714, in a gold mine near the city of Diamantina, in Minas Gerais. In the state of Gilbués, around 1946, Diamonds were discored in the region. The study aimed to identify and assess the main environmental impacts in an area of artisanal mining in the municipality of Gilbués, Piauí. Two field visits were conducted, one in September and another in December. Regarding the method of environmental impact assessment, the Leopold Matrix adapted for the research area was used as a basis. A spreadsheet was used to document all observations made during the on-site assessment. It was observed that among the main environmental impacts caused by artisanal mining in the area were vegetation suppression, erosion, soil compaction, changes in topography, reduction of soil biota, extinction of fauna and flora species, and loss of biodiversity. Most of the impacts assessed were considered irreversible, with only erosion being a reversible effect. It was noted that the impacts assessed through the matrix method had a negative influence on the environment. Therefore, it is possible to implement techniques to reduce the erosive process and accelerate the natural regeneration of the area, such as the construction of sedimentation dams. Additionally, this contributes to soil stabilization, preventig landslides and promoting a conducive environment for vegetation growth