Elaboração de proposta de zoneamento ecológico-econômico para a Floresta Nacional de Palmares, Altos-PI

Abstract

Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ) is an analysis and environmental planning tool used to support governmental policies and actions for territorial reorganization. The ecologicaleconomic zoning, provided for in art. 9, II, of Law No. 6.938 / 81, regulated by decree no. 4.297 / 2002, which established criteria for the Ecological-Economic Zoning of Brazil, is one of the instruments of the national environmental policy that seeks to avoid the occupation of urban or rural land irregularly. Flona of Palmares is a Conservation Unit of sustainable use and is inserted in a transition zone between the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes, studies show the importance of these two biomes for the conservation of Brazilian biodiversity. In order to contribute to the protected areas of the state, this research aims to build a proposal for economic ecological zoning for the Palmares National Forest, Altos-PI. However, quantifications of litter biomass and aerial plant biomass were made. Litter plays a major role not only in protecting and fertilizing the soil, but also in conserving biodiversity. Similarly, aerial vegetation plays an important role in assessing a forest ecosystem. Another element that guarantees Flona's conservation is its ZA, which is currently suffering from urban sprawl around it, compromising its biodiversity. Through georeferenced images and those of Google Earth it was possible to delimit Flona's AZ, as well as to understand the spatial dimension of human occupation in the buffer zone. Flona of Palmares does not have a management plan, which implies its direct and indirect conservation, and consequently makes its buffer zone more susceptible to anthropic activities. In this sense, the EEZ is a determining step for the efficiency of the Management Plan and its delimitation must be based on the understanding of nature, its functions and limitations. The Palmares National Forest EEZ proposal is the result of the integrated analysis of the physical-biotic factors through the intersection between these themes, where it was possible to propose four zones for Flona: 1) Primitive zone; 2) Preservation Zone; 3) Special use zone; and 4) Conflicting use zone.