Propagação de plantas ornamentais utilizadas em espaços públicos em Pedro II-PI, através da alporquia, um estudo comparativo

Abstract

Ornamental plants are species cultivated at first for aesthetic purposes, possessing a natural beauty with a great variety of flowers, leaves, colors, shapes, and textures. For them to develop healthily, adequate maintenance is necessary, according to the needs of each species. Among the forms of plant dispersion, the most common are those that have seeds and are disseminated in natural ways, such as: through wind, water, and animals. The forms of propagation in ornamental plants can be classified as sexual, in which seeds or spores are used, and vegetative or asexual, in which different plant structures are used. This work has as objective to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of alporquia, in comparison with the staking, in the propagation of ornamental plants, which are commonly used in public spaces in the city of Pedro II-PI. Thirty cuttings were made, 10 made in each of the three species of plants worked on, as well as, the 30 alporques, being later examined separately. After a period of 15 days, the root suckers were removed from the mother plants, with a cut made on the lower part, so that the branch came out intact. Of the total of 30 layers made, 18 presented a rooting process at the end of the 15-day period, therefore accounting for 60% of use in the rooting method, and 12 did not present root development after 15 days, i.e., 40% of the layers. In relation to the seedlings, none presented a successful root development process; all suffered a rotting process. At the end of this work, the alporquia method achieved better and more significant results than the staking technique. In view of the aspects observed, it was found that the method of layering is a valid alternative in the dissemination of species, asexually, ensuring the standardization of production, i.e., maintaining the characteristics of the parent plant, presenting fewer chances of proliferation of pests in the rooting period, unlike the seedlings grown by layering, which are more susceptible to fungi and pests, as they are located on the soil surface and are watered daily, and may undergo the process of rotting by excessive moisture.