O método de pólya como estratégia de ensino de equação do segundo grau

Abstract

The use of problem solving in the initial grades of basic education has a fundamental role in the teaching and learning process of mathematics, as it induces the student to think, elaborate and make decisions to reach the result. This work aims to highlight the Pólya method as a perspective for solving quadratic equation problems. In order to carry out this work, we started with a descriptive and bibliographic research, through a qualitative approach, which served as a theoretical reference Pólya (1995) for the application of his method, Iezzi (2018) for the presentation of the equation content of the second degree and list of problems about it. In order to follow the guidelines that deal with teaching, basic education, as well as problem solving and the content of the high school equation, the official documents were revised, through the National Curricular Parameters and the National Curricular Common Base, guiding the paths followed in this work. . Methodologically, three mathematical problems involving quadratic equations will be presented, whose resolution will follow the method developed by Pólya. After that, it was concluded that the application of Pólya's problem solving method for teaching quadratic equations can be an important tool in helping teaching in basic education.