GEOGRAFIA ELEITORAL DE OEIRAS (PI): historicidade e espacialidade das votações de 2000 a 2024

Abstract

Electoral geography can be defined as the field that seeks the interaction between electoral processes and geographic space, which allows us to understand how spatial organization can interfere in the electorate's decisions and how candidates work the space to induce results in the elections. In this direction, the objective is to analyze the historicity of the municipal elections in Oeiras - PI since 1948 and the identity construction of the two political groups that dominate the electoral scene in the municipality, as well as the spatiality of the votes of the candidates for mayor in the elections from 2000 to 2024. In effect, the research in question is guided by the following question: historically, how has the alternation in power of the two political groups in Oeiras been? It is argued that, coming from notable families in the city, for more than half a century the elected heads of the local executive have belonged to one of the two political groups (Boca Preta or Tupamaro), which has inhibited a third way from coming to power. Methodologically, in addition to a bibliographic review on the subject of political geography and voting, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the city's longest-serving political leaders. Furthermore, data were sought from the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and the Regional Electoral Court of Piauí (TRE/PI), and geoprocessing techniques were used to spatialize votes in the municipal space of Oeiras. The results indicate that the Tupamaro group, since 1948, managed the city of Oeiras from 1949 to 1966, then from 1971 to 1982, and then from 1997 to 2008, 42 years, therefore. The Boca Preta administrators administered Oeiras for 34 years, from 1967 to 1970, then from 1983 to 1996 and from 2009 to 2024. . In the 2024 election, the opposition candidate, but not entirely belonging to the Tupamaro group, was victorious, a fact that signals some changes in the electoral history of Oeiras. Furthermore, in the time period analyzed, there was no female presence at the head of the municipal administration, only candidacies in three moments, 1992, 2008 and 2010. The political participation of people outside the group in the elections played a minor role in garnering votes, in which the largest number of votes went to the PT candidate, in 2012, with 888 votes.