A influencia dos fatores socioeconômicos no desempenho escolar dos alunos do SAEB em escolas públicas do estado do Piauí

Abstract

Education is a fundamental pillar for the individual and social development of a country. However, school performance in Brazil and, especially in the state of Piauí, still presents significant disparities, especially when socioeconomic factors are considered. Given this, an analysis of the interactions between these and the academic performance of students in the 3rd year of high school in public schools in the state is proposed, specifically in the subjects of Portuguese Language and Mathematics. For this investigation, data from the 2021 Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) were used. The methodology adopted comprised a phase of exploratory analysis, pre-processing, and data modeling, with these steps being carried out using the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithms. (KNN) and Random Forest. The results obtained indicate that the most influential socioeconomic factors on student performance in these two subjects are directly linked to the level of education of parents or guardians. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that greater involvement and educational support on the part of the family have a significant impact on the improvement of students' academic performance. Additionally, it is noteworthy that this study provides a more comprehensive view of the dynamics that influence school performance, highlighting the importance of collaboration between family and school in the educational process