Ensino da evolução das espécies: uma revisão sobre abordagens pedagógicas no fundamental II

Abstract

Biological evolution is fundamental to understanding the diversity of living organisms and the processes driving the development of life forms on Earth, ranging from the simplest to the most complex. Given the breadth and complexity of this topic, teaching the Theory of Evolution requires diverse pedagogical strategies that foster understanding at the middle school level (Ensino Fundamental II). In this context, investigating the pedagogical approaches used to teach this subject is crucial for identifying methodologies that benefit both student learning and teaching practice. Furthermore, seeking strategies that spark student interest is essential, particularly given the recurring challenges associated with a lack of adequate educational resources. This study aimed to analyze the pedagogical approaches used to teach the Theory of the Evolution of Species by identifying, classifying, and organizing the main strategies found in academic publications from dec-2011 to may-2026. Data were organized into thematic categories based on the methodology employed and the results reported in the analyzed studies. The findings revealed the prevalence of educational games, playful activities, modeling, instructional sequences, and inquiry-based practices, highlighting the value placed on methodologies that encourage active student participation. The research demonstrated that the teaching of evolution must move beyond practices based solely on rote memorization, prioritizing dynamic, contextualized, and scientifically grounded strategies.