Experimentação investigativa no ensino de termoquímica: uma revisão bibliográfica das contribuições, limitações e perspectiva do uso de materiais de baixo custo

Abstract

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the application of investigative experimentation in thermochemistry teaching for second-year high school students, focusing on the use of low-cost/alternative materials. The research aimed to investigate how this approach can contribute to meaningful learning, the development of cognitive skills, and student motivation. Experimental teaching plans and teaching sequences previously implemented in school settings were analyzed, considering aspects such as clarity of instructions, relevance of content, and potential to promote inquiry. The results show that investigative experimentation enables the active construction of knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving, in addition to fostering greater student engagement. However, challenges were identified, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure and the need for ongoing teacher training. The conclusion is that the implementation of low-cost investigative experimental proposals represents a viable and effective alternative for improving thermochemistry teaching, provided it is accompanied by planning and qualified teacher mediation.