Biogeografia da avifauna de parques ambientais localizados na zona urbana de Teresina (PI)

Abstract

The overall aim of this dissertation was to conduct a biogeographical analysis of the avifauna in the Environmental Parks Encontro dos Rios and Estação da Cidadania, located in the urban area of Teresina, Piauí. To achieve this, a descriptive approach was adopted, combining field activities and statistical analyses. The methodology involved literature research, direct species identification through field observation, and statistical analysis to assess the relationship between species diversity and environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and noise, using Pearson correlation techniques and linear regression through the PaSt 3 software. The spatial distribution of species in the parks was represented by Kernel density maps using QGIS software. In order to identify the avifauna, 36 hours of observation were conducted in Parque da Cidadania and 24 hours in Parque Encontro dos Rios, on different days and times. Binoculars, a photographic camera, a digital thermo-hygrometer, a digital sound level meter, and a clipboard were used for data collection. 28 species were identified in Parque Encontro dos Rios and 34 in Parque da Cidadania, distributed among 21 families. 8 feeding guilds were identified in each park, with insectivorous species predominantly in Parque Encontro dos Rios and omnivorous species predominantly in Parque da Cidadania. The rainy season was associated with a higher number of identified species in both locations. In Parque Encontro dos Rios, the statistical analysis revealed a very strong negative correlation between avifauna and temperature (r = -0.90), a strong positive correlation between avifauna and humidity (r = 0.84), and a moderate negative correlation between avifauna and noise (r = -0.42). In Parque Estação da Cidadania, there was a very strong negative correlation between avifauna and temperature (r = -0.96), a very strong positive correlation between avifauna and humidity (r = 0.94), and a weak positive correlation between avifauna and noise (r = 0.26). These results indicate that the presence of avifauna in these areas is strongly related to local temperature and humidity, while the correlation with noise is less significant. The spatial distribution of birds in the parks revealed that the presence of fruit-bearing vegetation and bodies of water stood out as a major attraction factor for the avifauna, being the locations with the highest concentration of species.