Leis de Newton e quantidade de movimento linear (momento linear)

Abstract

This Final Course Project (TCC) addresses the challenges in teaching Physics, particularly in promoting a deep understanding of concepts, highlighting the importance of integrating experimental activities into the learning process. Traditional Physics teaching often focuses on memorization, fails to engage students, and connects theory with everyday practice. To overcome these barriers, the paper proposes using methods that encourage critical thinking and practical application of physical concepts, using low-cost experiments as a viable solution for the lack of resources in schools. The main objective of the study is to analyze how an experimental approach, through practical activities related to students' everyday phenomena, can influence student motivation and engagement in learning mechanics. The research was conducted with 1st-year high school classes in a public school, using diagnostic questionnaires and simple experiments to assess the effectiveness of this method. The paper emphasizes that experimentation in Physics teaching not only facilitates the understanding of concepts but also makes learning more meaningful and engaging. The methodology included a literature review, the application of diagnostic questionnaires, the development of practical activities, and an analysis of the results before and after the experimental intervention. The chosen experiments addressed Newton's laws and linear momentum, using phenomena observable in students' daily lives to demonstrate the concepts. The results indicated a significant improvement in students' understanding of mechanics concepts, demonstrating the effectiveness of experimental activities in Physics teaching. The paper concludes that integrating experimental practices into the curriculum can transform Physics teaching, making it more dynamic and relevant, and promoting more lasting and practical learning.