Propriedades ópticas de lentes esféricas: uma abordagem integrada aos defeitos da visão visando uma aprendizagem significativa

Abstract

Currently, Physics teaching still prioritizes formulas and equations, resulting in decontextualized and minimally meaningful learning. In light of this scenario, this study developed a didactic sequence that explores the optical properties of spherical lenses and their relationship with vision defects (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia), aiming to promote meaningful learning. Based on theorists such as Ausubel, Zabala, Moreira, and Freire, the research adopted a qualitative approach and Action Research methodology, resulting in the creation of an educational resource composed of 16 lessons. The didactic sequence integrates practical activities, experiments, and the use of virtual simulators (PhET and Vascak) to facilitate the understanding of concepts and their application in everyday life. As a final product, a didactic sequence was developed that can be applied in future contexts, with the expectation that students will develop a deeper understanding of optical phenomena, as well as practical skills and critical thinking. It is believed that the proposed didactic sequence contributes to teacher training and the transformation of Physics teaching, making it more dynamic and contextualized.