Produto educacional: uma proposta de atividade voltada para o ensino significativo das propriedades ondulatórias da luz

Abstract

The objective of this work is to propose a pedagogical material to support the teaching of Physics referring to the programmatic content: The wave properties of light. Initially a discussion about the current conditions of the approach of the discipline of Physics in schools is held. It is noticed that the most widespread methodology corresponds to the knowledge transmission model, in which the didactic sequence of teaching is restricted to the explanation of ready concepts, followed by the realization of proposed exercises and finally application of an objective test for evaluation purposes. Due to the inefficiency of this form of science teaching, it is proposed that school activities should develop in order to encourage investigative action and imagination, as occurs in the scientific process. The epistemological foundationthatactsasapedagogicalbasisfortheactivitiesproposedinthisworkis the theory of meaningful learning of Ausubel, which constitutes the cognitive chain and affirms that the learning process occurs when the subject is able to incorporate new concepts to previous knowledge in their cognitive structure , which Ausubel calls Subsunçores. The material corresponds to a script of low cost experiments that can be reproduced in the classroom or laboratories. The differential of this activity is the incentive to the investigative action to the detriment of the transmission of ready answers to the experimental results. At all times it is suggested that the teacher does not establish the purpose that the experimental activity should achieve, but always proposes that the students can elaborate their own hypotheses through their obtained data. This action constitutes the scientific method and is the standard procedure used in the development of the empirical knowledge of Physics. The theoretical basis for the wave properties of light is realized, where the diffraction, interference and coherence approach is highlighted, as well as a historical survey on the evolution of the wave concept, which is fundamental in the study of natural phenomena.