Um espectrômetro de emissão para o ensino de física moderna: da construção experimental à proposta de uma sequência didática

Abstract

Spectroscopy, a fundamental scientific technique for analyzing the interaction between light and matter, plays a crucial role in various fields of knowledge, such as Physics, Chemistry, and Astrophysics. Through the analysis of emission or absorption spectra, it is possible to identify the composition and structure of different materials, providing valuable information about the nature of matter. In light of this, this work presents the construction of an emission spectrometer, detailing the acquisition and analysis of emission spectra from various light sources. Additionally, it proposes a Didactic Sequence for the use of the constructed spectrometer, aiming at the introduction of fundamental concepts of spectroscopy through two experimental scripts. These scripts guide the use of the spectrometer in the laboratory or classroom, with the objective of making the approach to the concepts of emission spectra more accessible to students and teachers. The work includes a comprehensive literature review, covering the historical context of spectroscopy, key concepts such as diffraction gratings, atomic models, energy levels, and emission and absorption spectra. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of experimentation and the use of technologies in Physics teaching. The results obtained with the constructed emission spectrometer demonstrated agreement with the expected theoretical values, validating the effectiveness of the equipment. The proposed Didactic Sequence, combined with the construction of the spectrometer, constitutes a promising educational resource for the study of emission spectra, with the potential to deepen the discussion on the interaction between radiation and matter in both High School and Higher Education.