Comportamento ecológico do Nim (azadirachta indica) e componentes da fauna e flora do cerrado do oeste baiano

Abstract

Biological invasion by alien species is singled out as the second largest threat to biodiversity in the world. Most of the time, exotic species can establish and propagate easily in ecosystems, competing with native vegetation where they stand out for being highly efficient in the dispute for resources, generating numerous environmental impacts and making natural recovery impossible. The present work aimed to analyze the ecological relations that the Azadirachta indica exerts with the fauna belonging to the cerrado in the extreme west of Bahia. The study was carried out in the municipality of Formosa do Rio Preto (Bahia). A total of 40 arboreal individuals were selected, including 30 Nim (Azadirachta indica) and 10 Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) species, in order to identify the ecological relationships between plants and fauna in the urban environment during the 45 day and three day capturing the fauna and identifying it with use of complementary bibliography and microscope. It was possible to perceive the occurrence of fauna that uses the Azadirachta indica as a refuge / shelter. Four families were identified: Araneae, Apidae, Columbidae and Formicidae. The species found in Byrsonima crassifolia showed to have harmonious ecological relations, being these the Solenopsis saevissima and the Amazona Amazonica. The existence of faunal species in A. indica was able to demonstrate that although it is not representative of the native vegetation of the Cerrado biome, it has been carrying out considerable ecological relations in the ecosystem. This relation becomes worrisome, because it shows how established the species is, and can be aggravating to the ecosystem.