Os conceitos físicos presentes na formação de estrelas: uma abordagem para o ensino médio

Abstract

From the beginnings of humanity, it has always used astronomical study for its guidance. The Sun made possible the existence of intelligent life in a planet located 150 million kilometers, showing a range of utilities that it provided for the development of terrestrial life. Based on this premise, the present work has as main objective to propose ways of approaching the said theme in the classroom, and as a specific objective, to investigate the knowledge of the students of the 2nd year of high school of the IFPI/ Campus Angical on the theme: Star Formation. This work portrays historical aspects of the astronomical study, showing the first contacts that humanity had with the celestial bodies, then shows the birth, life and death of the stars, where it is made a study on the nebulae, which are stellar nurseries, a relationship between the mass of the stars and their destination is depicted, where stars with up to 8 solar masses have ended their lives as white dwarfs, and more massive stars could become neutron stars or black holes. Its mass also determines the amount of energy that will be produced by the star, where at the beginning of the twentieth century two astronomers independently developed a diagram that relates the luminosity and temperature of stars, in their honoring this diagram is called HR diagram. The spectral study, based on the radiation from the stars, allowed astronomers an incredible knowledge about the nature of the stars. The present research had a descriptive research with qualitative approach, where a questionnaire containing 07 questions was applied on the theme: Star Formation, to the students of the 2nd year of high school of the IFPI/ Campus Angical, soon after the application of a class on the aforementioned topic with a duration of 100 minutes and later the application of the same questionnaire, in order to know the impacts that the research left before and after its execution. From the data collected by the field research, it was possible to perceive a large percentage of correct answers after the execution of the class, proving the literature that says that differentiated practices instigates students' curiosity, making teaching and learning physics more effective. It is up to the teachers, together with the school management, to change their educational practices in order to make Physics teaching closer to students' daily lives