Desempenho agronômico da soja em função da densidade de plantas no município de Uruçuí-PI

Abstract

The adjustment of planting density is fundamental for maximizing crop yield, but, it is necessary to consider that each cultivar has its own characteristics, which can be affected by the planting density. To determine the ideal planting density for each cultivar it is important to conduct experimental studies at different sowing densities. In addition, factors such as soil type, water availability, fertility, climatic conditions, incidence of pests and diseases, and others, should be considered. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seedling density of soybean cultivar AS3838i2X on yield components and productivity. The cultivar was submitted to different populations, 240, 280, 300 and 320 thousand plants ha-1 with spacing between rows of 0.45 meters. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2021/2022, sowing carried out on November 21, 2021, at Fazenda Colibri, Uruçuí, Piauí. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications. The variables analyzed were: stem diameter, plant height, number of nodes in the main stem, total node numbers, number of pods with 3 grains, mass of a thousand grains and productivity. The collected data were submitted to variance analysis, F test, and the results were compared by Tukey test at the level of 5% of probability. The smallest populations had a lower competition factor between plants, leading to better results in the characteristics of total number of nodes and number of pods with three grains. Although the high populations of plants were inferior in terms of development, these ended up being compensated by the number of seedlings per hectare. The varied population densities, despite interfering in some characteristics of the seedlings, they did not interfere in the final productivity