Análise da qualidade de água subterrânea das localidades melancias e campos, zona rural de Riacho Frio - PI

Abstract

Water is considered a most important natural resource for the survival of all living things. To be fit for human consumption, water must be of good quality, whether superficial or underground, requires prior treatment to ensure that it poses no risk to human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the water quality of artesian and cacimbão wells, collected at different points in the Melancias and Campos, Riacho Frio Piauí municipalities. Riacho Frio is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Piauí. The study area is in Melancias and Campos, rural area of the municipality of Riacho Frio Piauí. Four wells were chosen in Campos and 4 wells in the town of Melancias. In each locality it has an artesian well that is the main means of supply. Water quality analyzes were performed in the dry period, and in the rainy season. The samples were sent immediately after the collection to be analyzed in the Laboratory of Biology, Soil and Water of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí - Campus Corrente. In the laboratory, pH, total coliforms and E. Coli, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite and dissolved oxygen parameters were made, the temperature parameter was taken when the samples were taken, in which, based on Ordinance No. 2,914 / 11 for comparison results. Among the values obtained from the parameters under analysis of the dry period, the one that presented the greatest change was the total Coliforms and E.Coli in the two localities under study. In the town of Melancias, only sample M4, which is from the cacimbão well, complies with the ordinance, none of the values were altered. The surplus value of the total coliforms and e. coli is present in the M1 sample of the artesian well, which is the main supply medium for local consumption, obtained value for total coliforms of 5680 CFU and E. coli 800 CFU, but in the rainy season it did not present total coliforms and e.coli. In the locality Campos the results of the dry period showed that the parameters, mainly, total coliforms and e. coli, is altered in sample C1, also of the artesian well of the locality. The parameters temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite and dissolved oxygen are in accordance with the standard of potability established by the legislation. In view of the above, it is necessary to adopt corrective measures aimed at minimizing the impacts caused by the use of water for human supply and animal watering in disregard of current legislation, since it is necessary to carry out quality control and surveillance procedures of the water, so that there is no compromise in the health of the residents.