Modelagem e avaliação de um protótipo de estação compacta para tratamento de efluentes em unidades residenciais unifamiliares

Abstract

Many homes, rural or urban, do not have access to a sewage system and the indiscriminate release of wastewater into bodies of water impacts the environment, the transmission of diseases and the availability of water for consumption. Considering the sanitary situation in Brazil and the precariousness of both sewage coverage and water supply, this work sought to model and evaluate an ETE (Sewage Treatment Station) for the treatment and restricted reuse of domestic sanitary effluents generated by single-family residential units. The methodology of this dissertation was based on: reference research, survey of existing technologies, selection of optimal processes, analysis of operational procedures, determination of the characteristics of the tributary to be treated, sizing of chambers and evaluation of the system. The domestic effluent treatment and reuse system developed in this work: the EcoETE; of 5.1 m2 of area, achieved theoretical removal results, for a flow of 640 L/d, of 92.42% of BOD5; 93.39% COD; 97.70% SST; 69.76% NTK; 79.80% total phosphorus; and, when in sunny weather, with eight hours of daily sun exposure at average irradiance per hour (UVm) of 22 W.h/m2, 99.9998% removal of thermotolerant coliforms. Thus, this system has the capacity to produce effluent capable of being reused in restricted uses such as: landscaping irrigation, washing public areas and vehicles, clearing pipes, civil construction, buildings and firefighting within the urban area.