Cálculo análise da carga térmica das salas de aula do bloco A do Instituto Federal do Piauí - campus Teresina Central

Abstract

Air conditioning design is an essential activity to ensure thermal comfort and energy efficiency in a space. The growing demand for energy, both in Brazil and around the world, makes this project even more important, as it can help to reduce energy consumption and, consequently, operating costs. In addition, studies show that thermal comfort is directly linked to individual productivity. In a properly air-conditioned space, people feel more comfortable and, consequently, more motivated to work or carry out daily activities. In order to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants of the classrooms in the A building of the IFPI - Teresina Central Campus, a study was carried out to dimension the thermal load fractions of these environments. For this, the ASHRAE CLTD/SCL/CLF methodology and ABNT NBR 16401 standard were used. As a way to validate the values found, the thermal load simulation of these environments was carried out in the HAP Software. The results found were very close, achieving success in the validation. The results of the study showed that the total thermal load of the classrooms is 750 kBtu/h. The largest portion of this load is due to air renewal, representing about 32% of the total. This occurs because classrooms are closed environments where hot and humid air accumulates, causing thermal discomfort. The second largest portion of the thermal load is due to opaque surfaces, representing about 27% of the total. Opaque surfaces, such as walls, ceilings, and floors, absorb heat from the internal environment and return it later. The remaining portions of the thermal load are due to people, equipment, and air infiltration through the cracks in doors and windows. To meet the thermal demand found, the use of 18 air conditioners was recommended, with five with 60,000 Btu/h, four with 56,000 Btu/h, two with 37,000 Btu/h, four with 24,000 Btu/h, one with 40,000 Btu/h, one with 18,000 Btu/h, and one with 23,000 Btu/h. The recommendations presented aim to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants of the classrooms in the A building of the IFPI - Teresina Central Campus, providing an appropriate environment for the conduct of academic and professional activities.