Qualidade de sementes de soja submetidas ao retardamento de colheita

Abstract

The seed has maximum germination capacity and vigor at physiological maturity, which in soybean crops occurs at the R7 phenological stage, when the harvest should be carried out. However, at this stage, mechanized operations are impractical and must be delayed for a few days, which unfortunately can compromise the quality of the seeds as weather conditions become unfavorable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds subjected to harvest delay. The experiment was conducted in the 2022/2023 harvest, in the experimental area of the Fazenda Escola and in the Agricultural Laboratory of the Uruçuí Campus - IFPI. A randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 6 split plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were represented by cultivars; Olimpo IPRO, Extrema IPRO, Domínio IPRO, TMG 2379 IPRO, Attack I2x, M8606 I2X and the subplots consisting of three harvest times: stage R8, R8+10 and R8+20 days. The following tests were carried out: water content; weight of a thousand seeds; germination test on germitest paper; electrical conductivity test, accelerated aging and emergency field test, with determination of the percentage and emergency speed index. The IVE is affected after 10 days, germination after EA was significantly reduced after 20 days, and the EC shows greater leaching after 10 days of delay. Germination is affected when seeds are harvested 20 days after R8 and vigor is compromised with the delay R8+10 days, depending on the genotype