Experimentos para o ensino de óptica: uma análise dos livros dos PNLD 2018 e 2021.

Abstract

The research analyzed Physics textbooks related to Optics, as indicated by the PNLEM (National Textbook Program for High School) of 2018 and 2021. Contextualization and interdisciplinarity were highlighted as desirable characteristics, according to the National Curricular Parameters for High School (PCNEMs). The lack of diversity in educational resources was criticized, emphasizing the importance of experimentation for the intellectual development of students. The analysis focused on Optics due to the need to contextualize knowledge for a better understanding of Physics. The research aimed to answer whether the books provided suggestions for experiments in Optics using accessible materials. The results indicated that all the books present structured and easily understandable experiment guides, encouraging experimentation with accessible materials. The inclusion of post-experiment questions was emphasized as promoting holistic learning. The theoretical foundation addressed the historical evolution of textbooks in Brazil and the importance of experimentation in Science education, especially in Physics. The contextualization of Optics was defended as essential, and experimentation was highlighted as a motivating and comprehension tool. It is concluded that the analyzed books present well-structured, accessible, and low-cost experiment suggestions. It is recommended, for the 2021 PNLD books, a greater diversification of experiment suggestions and a possible expansion of content to provide a deeper and more holistic understanding of Optics. The research emphasizes that science is accessible and can be explored enrichingly in any educational environment.