Metais potencialmrnte tòxicos e características do fornecimeto da água utilizada na dessedentação animal em municipios do território da Chapada do Vale do Rio Itaim, Piauí.

Abstract

The water ingested by animals is a crucial source of macro and micronutrients. However, high concentrations of minerals or toxic metals in the water can reduce food intake, cause animal poisoning, and damage pipes and equipment. Studies on the potability requirements and suitability of water for animal hydration in the Brazilian semi-arid region are still scarce, especially concerning potentially harmful mineral elements. This study aimed to assess the quality of water for animal hydration in municipalities of the Vale do Rio Itaim, Piauí, and understand the characteristics of water supply. Samples were collected from 20 rural properties in the municipalities of Acauã, Betânia do Piauí, Jacobina do Piauí, and Paulistana between October and November 2023. The analyzed micronutrients were manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). The highest levels of Fe, Cr, Pb, and Cd were found in water from Acauã compared to the other municipalities (P<0.05). The average Cu content in Acauã was higher than in Betânia do Piauí and Paulistana, with no significant difference compared to Jacobina do Piauí (P=0.0063). There was no significant variation in Mn levels (P=0.0918). It was observed that 80% of farmers use water from artesian wells and reservoirs, with rubber (39%) and cement/masonry (20%) troughs being the most common. About 38% of farmers never clean or disinfect the troughs, and none perform any water treatment. The analyzed water has elevated toxic minerals concentrations, not meeting the standards for animal hydration.