Drenagem urbana sustentável para gestão do risco hidrológico em Teresina - Piauí

Abstract

The unregulated growth of cities and the resulting soil impermeabilization have intensified issues related to urban drainage, leading to floods, inundations, waterlogging, and other disasters associated with hydrological risk. The urbanization process of Piauí's capital city, in an effort to prepare the urban space for expansion through landfills, channelizations, and straightening of watercourses, has progressively exacerbated various socio-environmental issues in the city of Teresina during rainy seasons. Recognizing the importance of environmental planning, this study aims to analyze the implementation of sustainable urban drainage strategies as an effective solution for mitigating hydrological risks, thereby strengthening resilience policies and proposing actions to address the risks and vulnerabilities associated with future hydrological events. The research employed hydrological modeling using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software to analyze the behavior of the PD12 sub-basin, located in the eastern zone of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, and the resulting impact of implementing green roofs and microreservoirs through seven scenarios, with 25%, 50%, and 100% applications of these structures under return periods of 5 and 10 years. Comparison of modeling results before and after implementing these LIDs showed a peak flow reduction of up to 8% with green roofs and up to 3% with micro-reservoirs. The study also highlights the importance of public policies and incentives to promote large-scale adoption of lowimpact solutions as an integral part of urban planning. A best practices guide for sustainable urban drainage is presented, aimed at hydrological disaster risk management in the Piauí capital, with the objective of fostering a cultural shift among residents and public managers, promoting a more integrated and sustainable approach to managing hydrological risks. This study in Teresina, by integrating green roofs and micro-reservoirs into its infrastructure, demonstrates that it is possible to achieve positive results in flood and waterlogging risk mitigation, while also promoting environmental sustainability and community well-being. Therefore, this work contributes to the knowledge and practice of sustainable urban engineering, providing techniques that can be adapted and replicated in other cities facing similar challenges.