Análise de ensaios não destrutivos na detecção e caracterização de descontinuidades

Abstract

According to Hellier (2013), a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) is any evaluation performed on any type of test object without altering this object in any way, in order to determine the absence or presence of conditions or discontinuities. Therefore, it is an effective way to obtain information about defects, structural characteristics of the material and to follow how degradation is happening during the life of mechanical components. While END cannot guarantee that failures will not occur, it does play a significant role in minimizing the chances of failure. As a result, it has become an integral part of all industry processes, from raw material examinations to the evaluation of finished products. The objective of this work is to comparatively analyze the suitability of different non-destructive tests in the detection and characterization of discontinuities. For this purpose, two cylinder heads, an engine block and a Cr-Mo Ferritic Steel plate were selected. Three non-destructive techniques were used, namely, the Ultrasound (US), the Crack Test in Headstock (TT) and the Penetrant Liquid (LP). With the results obtained, it can be concluded that the liquid penetrant technique is more advantageous for detecting and characterizing discontinuities in relation to other tests performed at work. Despite this, each technique has its specific application and may be more useful in certain circumstances.