Estratégias de irrigação sustentável: Revisão de técnicas a impactos ambientais

Abstract

The introduction of sustainable irrigation practices is essential in a scenario of global water scarcity and climate change. This work aims to review the main sustainable irrigation techniques, evaluating their environmental impacts and their viability. The methodology adopted consisted of a qualitative and descriptive literature review, using academic databases such as Scielo and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published between 2014 and 2024. The results indicate that techniques such as drip irrigation and microsprinklers offer greater efficiency in water use and increased agricultural productivity. Studies show that dripping can reduce water consumption by up to 50% and increase production by up to 40%, while micro-spraying improves the uniformity of water distribution. Subsurface irrigation also stands out in regions of high evapotranspiration, promoting water efficiency and greater productivity in root crops. The academic contribution of this work lies in the synthesis of knowledge about sustainable irrigation, providing a theoretical basis for future research and development of public policies. Socially, the dissemination of sustainable irrigation practices can contribute to the conservation of water resources and food security, ensuring more efficient and sustainable agricultural production for future generations