A astronomia da era pré-histórica à era contemporânea: metodologias de integração no âmbito da educação básica

Abstract

Astronomy is one of the oldest and most fascinating branches of science, even after centuries, the observation of the sky and space continues to attract and fascinate people. Many of them begin to enjoy the study of physics with the hope of understanding a little more about these celestial phenomena, however, they are often disappointed, because little was learned about it during their training in Basic Education. In this sense, this research has as its main objective to contribute to the teaching of physics and the teaching of astronomy in the context of Basic Education, more especially in High School, through the construction of a complete and detailed material in textbook format, as a proposal for an Educational Learning Product, which aims to integrate the contents of astronomy over the millennia. This work, in turn, seeks to make physics classes in the classroom more attractive to the student, as it aims at the integration of learning through dialogue between teacher and student, a practice supported by Freirean learning practices. To this end, the entire development and application of the research and consequently of the Educational Product, is aligned with the conceptions of the three pedagogical moments, which is a learning method developed and based on Freire's conceptions by Demétrio Delizoicov and José André Angotti, the method of the three pedagogical moments seeks to facilitate the teaching work in the classroom, providing the growth of the student's knowledge, through interactions that aim mainly at the dialogue between teacher and student and consequently the self-understanding of scientific concepts from the teaching-learning methodologies. Therefore, it was observed with the application of the Educational Product, that when the primordial and introductory concepts of astronomy are introduced in the daily life and experience of the students who make up Basic Education, it consequently provides an opportunity to learn about astronomy as well as the area of sciences, concepts that are extremely important to be inserted within the educational curriculum of the student. The textbook, in turn, will help several national teachers, as it will have the possibility of having rich, detailed material, highlighting the contributions, the physical laws developed, through technologies that involve teaching-learning and with the entire historical context of the most outstanding points in the development of the study of astronomy.