Análise espaço–temporal acerca dos impactos de uso e ocupação do solo, na implantação do Instituto Federal do Piauí campus Parnaíba

Abstract

Educational institutions play a fundamental role as transformative agents in raising awareness about the relationship between nature and society, promoting social responsibility and sustainability, due to their credibility and their mission to educate citizens. This research is guided by the following central question: what are the impacts generated by the establishment of an educational institution, and what spatial development results from its implementation in the area of influence? The general objective was to propose a spatiotemporal analysis of the environmental impacts and socio-spatial transformations resulting from the implementation of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Piauí (IFPI) - Parnaíba Campus, focusing on land use and land cover as well as socioeconomic and educational factors in the municipality of Parnaíba-PI. Characterizing land use and occupation following the campus implementation is essential to understanding the effects of this infrastructure on the environment, taking into account variables such as feasibility studies, current land use, edaphoclimatic characteristics, environmental impacts, and urban planning. Methodologically, this is a qualitative, bibliographic, and case study research centered on the implementation of the Parnaíba campus. For the spatiotemporal analysis, maps and charts were used, which clearly showed a reduction in forest and savanna formations, accompanied by a notable growth in urbanization and mosaic land uses around the campus, reflecting the induced socio-spatial dynamism. Additionally, a study was conducted on the socio-educational impact on students served by the institution, revealing the IFPI's role in social inclusion and professional qualification in the region. For a more accurate representation of changes in land cover, Google Earth Pro and MapBiomas data were used, with georeferenced points obtained through a GPSmap 76CSx navigation GPS device for field work. Finally, the analysis was complemented by a photographic report supporting the findings, and by drone images capturing the current structure of the campus.