A inteligência artificial na engenharia civil: impactos, aplicações e desafios éticos no presente e futuro

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a strategic technology within the context of Industry 4.0, promoting significant transformations in civil engineering. This study aims to analyze, based on the scientific literature, the applications of artificial intelligence in civil engineering, its impacts on construction processes, as well as the ethical challenges associated with its use in the current context and future perspectives of the sector. To this end, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using documents indexed in the Scopus database, covering the period from 2000 to 2025, resulting in a total of 832 articles after the application of filtering criteria. The results indicate a significant growth in publications in recent years, with a predominance of studies in the fields of Engineering and Computer Science, as well as a strong concentration of research in countries such as China, the United States, and India. The main applications identified include predictive modeling, structural monitoring, project optimization, construction management, and decision-making support. Despite the observed benefits, ethical challenges related to algorithm reliability, data protection, and the need for professional reskilling are highlighted. It is concluded that AI presents a high potential for transforming civil engineering, provided that its implementation occurs in a responsible and ethical manner, under the full supervision of the engineer.