Rastreador solar fotovoltaico : proposta para abordagem do tema conversão de energia na educação básica

Abstract

This research project proposes alternatives for basic education teachers to address energy conversion using a solar energy capture mechanism. Our goal is to align the teaching of Physics with the competencies and skills of the BNCC, promoting a practical understanding of energy transformation processes. The research will adopt a qualitative approach, descriptive and exploratory in nature, aiming to deepen the knowledge about the reality of the phenomena studied. Initially, a detailed bibliographic survey was conducted on the capture and conversion of solar energy, as well as on teaching methodologies. Based on this foundation, the work focuses on constructing a prototype of an efficient and accessible solar capture mechanism. Inspired by the sunflower's ability to follow the sun with minimal energy expenditure, the device was developed with easily obtainable and sustainable materials. Preliminary tests optimized its operation, ensuring technical feasibility. Subsequently, the circuit and the code for Arduino were modified so that it would be possible to calculate the amount of energy captured in a mobile system compared to a fixed one. The prototype will use an Arduino Uno, photocells, LDRs, and servomotors to automatically adjust the position of the solar panel, maximizing light capture throughout the day, as well as other modules and sensors to calculate the energy captured by the panels. Demonstrating in practice how positioning influences the efficiency of photovoltaic solar energy conversion into electricity. In parallel, a structured didactic sequence was developed to serve as supporting material for teachers and students. It is expected that, with the prototype and the didactic sequence, students will gain a more concrete understanding of the Law of Conservation of Energy and transformation processes, as highlighted by the BNCC. This will stimulate interest in renewable energy sources and promote awareness of sustainability, contributing to critical education on environmental and energy issues.