Indústria cerâmica vermelha na região dos Cocais Piauiense: um estudo da caracterização da matéria prima, do processo produtivo e do produto acabado

Abstract

The numerous studies carried out on the Brazilian ceramic industry are focused on the demands of the market, the production chain, the environmental impacts and the characterization of raw materials and final products. Unlike all others, the work developed here does not focus on the region of a large urban center and seeks to present in an innovative way the development of the ceramics industry of the Cocais Piauiense Territory, since it is a promising region according to economic studies sectors. Clearly the entire production process in the two industries delimited in the work is done without the use of technology base and with empirical foundations in all the productive stages and it is possible to perceive sharp divergences as to the quality of the final products. Because it is the first work of this magnitude, the same research seeks to cover the most diverse aspects: it brings a vast theoretical foundation insurged from the conception of clay, through the complexity of the ceramic products, production processes, chemical, physical and mechanical properties, As well as the finished product. A characterization of the finished product, which is produced in the industry itself, is carried out initially, with the observation of coloration, presence of apparent defects (cracks and cracks), geometric conformity assessment and other tests according to NBR 15270-3. Considering the use of different clays, a rocky material mixed in one of the clays of one of the industries, the application of the same empirical methods of production and the consequent disparity between the finished products presented, the raw material will be investigated from the granulometric analysis , Plasticity, physical characterization of the residue, chemical analysis and control at all stages in the production process, reproducing in smaller scale in the laboratory, different formulations with clays and rock material. In the chemical characterization, called ESP and JP clays, the formulations go from the standard mass with 100% of each of the clays and in the ratios 95% / 5%; 90% / 10%; 85% / 15%; 80% / 20%, for each of the clays / rock material. For each of these formulations, the samples were extruded for drying and burning at temperatures of 800 ° C, 850 ° C, 900 ° C and 950 ° C, thus verifying the visual characteristics of the test specimens and then presenting the other tests: linear retractions Drying and burning, fire loss, water absorption, porosity, apparent specific mass and TRF. The results are presented and a series of comparative crossings are made to demonstrate the formulation and the firing temperature suitable for the final products and notably the rocky material was characterized in chemical composition and properties as a clayey material and that in the interaction With the other two clays alters singularly in some of the properties studied.