Otimização do custo de vigas de concreto armado com uso de algoritmo genético

Abstract

In a scenario of social, technological, and knowledge evolution, achieving greater efficiency in result delivery is a constant goal. In this context, the construction industry, known as one of the least technologically updated sectors as noted by Lordsleem and Sampaio (2025), is no exception. Increasingly large structures, spanning greater distances and facing bolder, more challenging architectural demands, are a reality that is becoming more noticeable and commonplace every day. This situation brings certain consequences, with higher execution costs being one of the most significant. Consequently, there is an evident need for techniques that seek to mitigate this impact on the final cost of the project. Optimization using genetic algorithms is one of the existing options, known for its ease of application across various sectors, moderate computational requirements, and high effectiveness in cost reduction. This work aims to apply this technique to the optimization of reinforced concrete beams, performing the design of the element for bending and shear. It seeks to find an “optimal” section that reduces final costs regarding the concrete, formwork, and necessary steel reinforcement, all while strictly adhering to the requirements of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118 (2023), such as minimum spacing for reinforcement placement within the cross-section and verification of compliance with the maximum vertical deflections specified in the standard.